Cronus swallowed his children immediately after their birth, but when Rhea was near giving birth to Zeus, she applied to Uranus and Gaea for advice as to how the child might be saved. Hesiod 18 also calls Zeus the son of Cronus and Rhea, and the brother of Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Poseidon. Zeus, no doubt, was originally a god of a portion of nature, whence the oak with its eatable fruit and the fertile doves were sacred to him at Dodona and in Arcadia (hence also rain, storms, and the seasons were regarded as his work, and hence the Cretan stories of milk, honey, and cornucopia) but in the Homeric poems, this primitive character of a personification of certain powers of nature is already effaced to some extent, and the god appears as a political and national divinity, as the king and father of men, as the founder and protector of all institutions hallowed by law, custom, or religion. 17 During the Trojan war, Zeus, at the request of Thetis favored the Trojans, until Agamemnon made good the wrong he had done to Achilles. 15 Hera sometimes acts as an independent divinity, she is ambitious and rebels against her lord, but she is nevertheless inferior to him, and is punished for her opposition 16 his amours with other goddesses or mortal women are not concealed from her, though they generally rouse her jealousy and revenge. He was married to Hera, by whom he had two sons, Ares and Hephaestus, and one daughter, Hebe. He is armed with thunder and lightning, and the shaking of his aegis produces storm and tempest: 14 a number of epithets of Zeus in the Homeric poems describe him as the thunderer, the gatherer of clouds, and the like. 12 Every thing good as well as bad comes from Zeus, and according to his own choice he assigns their good or evil lot to mortals, 13 and fate itself was subordinate to him. He was further the original source of all prophetic power, from whom all prophetic signs and sounds proceeded ( πανομφαῖος, panomphaios). 10 He avenged those who were wronged, and punished those who had committed a crime, for he watched the doings and sufferings of all men ( ἐπόψιος, eposios). 9 He also watched over the sanctity of the oath ( ὅρκιος, horkios), the law of hospitality ( ξένιος, xenios), and protected suppliants ( ἱκέσιος, hikesios). 8įor the same reason he protects the assembly of the people ( ἀγοραῖος, agoraios), the meetings of the council ( βουλαῖος, boulaios), and as he presides over the whole state, so also over every house and family ( ἑρκεῖος, herkeios). 6 He is the highest ruler, who with his counsel manages every thing, 7 the founder of kingly power, of law and of order, whence Dike, Themis and Nemesis are his assistants. 4 He is called the father of gods and men, 5 the most high and powerful among the immortals, whom all others obey. 3Īccording to the Homeric account Zeus, like the other Olympian gods, dwelt on Mount Olympus in Thessaly, which was believed to penetrate with its lofty summit into heaven itself. 2 This accounts for the fact that some writers use the name of the king of heaven who sends dew, rain, snow, thunder, and lightning for heaven itself in its physical sense. Later mythologers enumerate three Zeus in their genealogies: two Arcadian ones and one Cretan and the first is said to be a son of Aether, the second of Coelus, and the third of Saturn. When Zeus and his brothers distributed among themselves the government of the world by lot, Poseidon obtained the sea, Hades the lower world, and Zeus the heavens and the upper regions, but the earth became common to all.
WHERE DID ZEUS POSEIDON AN HOW TO
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